Mandatory nutrition-program spending was projected to account for more than 75 percent of 2018 Farm Act outlays. Four policy areas dominate projected spending under the 2018 Farm Act: Many research and rural-development programs are funded in this way.ĬBO projections include only programs authorized with mandatory funding in the Farm Act. Once program expenditures reach the level appropriated for that year, no additional funds can be spent unless Congress provides new appropriations. Programs authorized with discretionary funding may be funded up to the level provided by legislation, but Congress may change the funding level each year for these programs. Examples of Farm Act programs provided with mandatory funding include the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) as well as most commodity and conservation programs.ĭiscretionary funding. Congress can alter mandatory-funding levels at any time through new legislation, but there is no automatic reconsideration during the span of the Farm Act. Government costs under these programs may vary from year to year, depending on program-participation levels and economic conditions. Spending is not constrained by annual limits. Programs authorized with mandatory funding are provided funds as needed (or to a statutory level) through the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) and are not subject to annual appropriations decisions by Congress. The 2018 Farm Act authorizes two kinds of program funding:
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